step 4

Keeping track of the player's lives

README.md

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Day 7 of Udemy's *100 Days of Code™: The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp*. The ga
 
 1. Picking a random word and checking answers
 2. Replacing blanks with guesses
-3. Checking if the player has won *(this step)*
-4. Keeping track of the player's lives
+3. Checking if the player has won
+4. Keeping track of the player's lives *(this step)*
 5. Improving the user experience
 
 **Step 1:** the program picks a random word, asks for one letter and tells you whether the letter is in the word.
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ Day 7 of Udemy's *100 Days of Code™: The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp*. The ga
 
 **Step 3:** the game keeps asking for letters until every blank is filled, then prints "You win!". (There are no lives yet, so wrong guesses cost nothing.)
 
+**Step 4:** you start with 6 lives. Every wrong guess costs one and shows the lives left. At 0 lives the game ends with "You lose" and reveals the word.
+
 ## 📋 Requirements
 
 - Python 3.13 or newer

src/hangman/constants.py

@@ -1,28 +1,32 @@
-"""!
-@file constants.py
-@brief Constants shared across the Hangman game.
-"""
-
-## Character shown for a letter that has not been guessed yet.
-BLANK = "_"
-## Words the computer picks from.
-WORD_LIST = [
-    "aardvark",
-    "baboon",
-    "camel",
-    "dolphin",
-    "elephant",
-    "flamingo",
-    "giraffe",
-    "hedgehog",
-    "iguana",
-    "kangaroo",
-    "leopard",
-    "octopus",
-    "penguin",
-    "squirrel",
-    "tortoise",
-]
+"""!
+@file constants.py
+@brief Constants shared across the Hangman game.
+"""
+
+## Number of wrong guesses the player may make before losing.
+MAX_LIVES = 6
+## Character shown for a letter that has not been guessed yet.
+BLANK = "_"
+## Words the computer picks from.
+WORD_LIST = [
+    "aardvark",
+    "baboon",
+    "camel",
+    "dolphin",
+    "elephant",
+    "flamingo",
+    "giraffe",
+    "hedgehog",
+    "iguana",
+    "kangaroo",
+    "leopard",
+    "octopus",
+    "penguin",
+    "squirrel",
+    "tortoise",
+]
 
 ## Message shown when the player wins.
 MSG_WIN = "You win!"
+## Message shown when the player loses (the word is appended).
+MSG_LOSE = "You lose. The word was: "

src/hangman/game.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 import random
 
-from hangman.constants import BLANK, WORD_LIST
+from hangman.constants import BLANK, MAX_LIVES, WORD_LIST
 
 
 def choose_word(words: list[str] | None = None) -> str:
@@ -32,25 +32,31 @@ class Game:
     @brief State of one Hangman game.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, word: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, word: str, lives: int = MAX_LIVES) -> None:
         """!
         @brief Start a new game.
         @param word The secret word.
+        @param lives Wrong guesses allowed before losing.
         """
         ## The secret word.
         self.word = word.lower()
+        ## Lives left.
+        self.lives = lives
         ## Letters guessed so far.
         self.guesses: set[str] = set()
 
     def guess(self, letter: str) -> bool:
         """!
-        @brief Process a guess and reveal the letter if it is in the word.
+        @brief Process a guess; a wrong guess costs a life.
         @param letter A single letter.
         @return True if the letter is in the word.
         """
         letter = letter.lower()
         self.guesses.add(letter)
-        return is_in_word(self.word, letter)
+        correct = is_in_word(self.word, letter)
+        if not correct:
+            self.lives -= 1
+        return correct
 
     def display(self) -> str:
         """!
@@ -65,3 +71,17 @@ class Game:
         @brief True when every letter of the word has been guessed.
         """
         return all(c in self.guesses for c in self.word)
+
+    @property
+    def lost(self) -> bool:
+        """!
+        @brief True when no lives are left.
+        """
+        return self.lives <= 0
+
+    @property
+    def over(self) -> bool:
+        """!
+        @brief True when the game has been won or lost.
+        """
+        return self.won or self.lost

src/hangman/main.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 @brief Command-line interface for Hangman.
 """
 
-from hangman.constants import MSG_WIN
+from hangman.constants import MSG_LOSE, MSG_WIN
 from hangman.game import Game, choose_word
 
 
@@ -17,18 +17,18 @@ def say(message: str = "") -> None:
 
 def play(game: Game) -> None:
     """!
-    @brief Ask for letters until every blank is filled.
+    @brief Ask for letters until the word is guessed or the lives run out.
     @param game The game to play.
     """
     say(game.display())
-    while not game.won:
+    while not game.over:
         letter = input("Guess a letter: ").strip()
         if game.guess(letter):
             say(f"Right, '{letter.lower()}' is in the word.")
         else:
-            say(f"Wrong, '{letter.lower()}' is not in the word.")
+            say(f"Wrong, '{letter.lower()}' is not in the word. Lives left: {game.lives}")
         say(game.display())
-    say(MSG_WIN)
+    say(MSG_WIN if game.won else MSG_LOSE + game.word)
 
 
 def main() -> None:

tests/test_game.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from hangman.constants import WORD_LIST
+from hangman.constants import MAX_LIVES, WORD_LIST
 from hangman.game import Game, choose_word, is_in_word
 
 
@@ -45,3 +45,24 @@ def test_wrong_guesses_do_not_win():
     g = Game("hi")
     g.guess("x")
     assert not g.won
+
+
+def test_wrong_guess_loses_life():
+    g = Game("cat")
+    assert g.lives == MAX_LIVES
+    g.guess("z")
+    assert g.lives == MAX_LIVES - 1
+
+
+def test_correct_guess_keeps_lives():
+    g = Game("cat")
+    g.guess("c")
+    assert g.lives == MAX_LIVES
+
+
+def test_lost_when_out_of_lives():
+    g = Game("hi", lives=2)
+    g.guess("x")
+    assert not g.lost
+    g.guess("y")
+    assert g.lost and g.over and not g.won

tests/test_main.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def test_play_until_won(monkeypatch, capsys):
     out = run(monkeypatch, capsys, "hi", ["z", "h", "i"])
     assert out.splitlines() == [
         "_ _",
-        "Wrong, 'z' is not in the word.",
+        "Wrong, 'z' is not in the word. Lives left: 5",
         "_ _",
         "Right, 'h' is in the word.",
         "h _",
@@ -26,3 +26,9 @@ def test_play_until_won(monkeypatch, capsys):
 def test_repeated_letter_fills_all_blanks(monkeypatch, capsys):
     out = run(monkeypatch, capsys, "aa", ["a"])
     assert out.splitlines()[-2:] == ["a a", "You win!"]
+
+
+def test_play_until_lost(monkeypatch, capsys):
+    out = run(monkeypatch, capsys, "a", list("bcdefg"))
+    assert "Lives left: 0" in out
+    assert out.splitlines()[-1] == "You lose. The word was: a"