Resolve pending commit links of MIL-005

Review record RC-027 (Go, autonomous mode, not independent).

Task: MIL-005#1
Task: MIL-005#2
Task: MIL-005#3
Task: MIL-005#4
Task: MIL-005#5

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+*.py text eol=lf
+*.md text eol=lf
+*.toml text eol=lf
+*.csv text eol=lf
+*.png binary

docs/artifact-registry.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ document of a type. `Primary File` may contain a glob (e.g.
 | DCD | Design Class Diagram | docs/dcd.md | 002 |
 | DICT | Domain Dictionary | docs/dictionary.md | 002 |
 | ADR | Architecture Decision Record | docs/adr/adr-NNNN-*.md | 0004 |
-| RC | SQA Review Record | docs/sqa/reviews/rc-*.md | 026 |
+| RC | SQA Review Record | docs/sqa/reviews/rc-*.md | 028 |
 | TM | Traceability Matrix | docs/sqa/traceability-matrix.md | 002 |
 
 ## Languages

docs/sqa/reviews/rc-026-py-mil-004.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# RC-026: Review of PY-MIL-004
+
+## Metadata
+| Key | Value |
+| --- | --- |
+| ID | RC-026 |
+| CrossReference | [PY-MIL-004], [QC-PY-001] |
+
+## Version History
+| Date | Status | Author | Reviewer | Change | Commit |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 2026-10-14 | Accepted | Jens Tirsvad Nielsen | AI as stand-in for S01 | Initial version | [02e0c2c] |
+
+---
+
+## Artifact Under Review
+
+- Instance reviewed: [PY-MIL-004]
+- Checklist used: [QC-PY-001]
+- Scope: full review
+- Language and domain: n/a (technical type)
+- Language reviewer: none
+- Mode: autonomous, not independent (reviewer is `AI as stand-in for S01`)
+
+## Checklist Results
+
+| # | Criterion | Status | Evidence/Notes |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 1 | Packages, modules, functions, variables, classes and constants follow PEP 8 casing (`snake_case`, `PascalCase`, `UPPER_SNAKE`) | Pass | PEP 8 casing holds; ruff rule set N passes. |
+| 2 | Names state purpose in the domain's language; no unexplained abbreviations, no single-letter names outside tiny scopes | Pass | Names are the assignment's (`flip_card`, `flip_timer`, `next_card`) and the IT terms of the dictionary; `Side` states its purpose. |
+| 3 | Code is produced by the project's formatter and passes its linter with no unexplained suppressions | Pass | `ruff check` and `ruff format --check` pass with no suppressions. |
+| 4 | Every function and method signature is type-annotated, including `-> None` | Pass | Every signature is annotated; `mypy --strict` passes on 31 source files. |
+| 5 | No bare `except:`, no swallowed exceptions; specific exceptions are raised and the cause is kept (`raise ... from`) | Pass | No exception handling was added; none is bare. |
+| 6 | No mutable default arguments and no shadowed builtins | Pass | No mutable defaults, no builtin shadowed. |
+| 7 | Files, locks and connections are managed with context managers | Pass | No file or connection is opened in this change. |
+| 8 | Public modules, classes and functions have docstrings that say what, not how | Pass | New and changed members have Doxygen docstrings; `doxygen Doxyfile` ends with 0 warnings. |
+| 9 | Logging uses `logging`, not `print`; no secrets or personal data in log output | Pass | No `print`; no logging needed. |
+| 10 | Classes and operations trace to the Design Class Diagram they implement; deviations are recorded | Pass | `Side`, `flip_card`, `flip_timer` and the view's timer follow DCD-001 and SD-001 (`flip_card` row of Method Traceability, timer step of SSD-001). |
+| 11 | Tests exist for new behaviour, are named for the behaviour, and do not depend on order or the network | Pass | 76 tests: view model sides, finished state, flip rules; e2e front and back state, recording scheduler, real 50 ms timer; no network, no order dependency (state reset in each test). |
+| 12 | Type checker runs in strict mode without errors; `Any` is justified in a comment | Pass | `mypy --strict` reports no issue; no `Any`. |
+| 13 | Dependencies are declared and pinned in the project's dependency file, none unused | Pass | `dependencies` stays empty. |
+| 14 | Each piece of knowledge (a business rule, constant, format, validation or query) is defined in one place; code is merged only where it expresses the same knowledge, not where it merely looks alike | Pass | The side rule exists once in the view model; image and colour names come from `constants.py`; `_show_card` is the only place that draws a card. |
+| 15 | Imports point inward: business-rule modules import no framework, database, UI or delivery-mechanism code, and there are no import cycles | Pass | `lint-imports` reports `Layers point inward` kept; the view model imports no Tkinter. |
+| 16 | SOLID holds: a class or module has one reason to change; new behaviour is added by extension, not by editing a type test in several places; subclasses honour the contract of their base; protocols are narrow; high-level code depends on protocols or abstract types and receives its implementations | Pass | The view model holds the side rule and the view only draws; a new side would extend `Side` and `_show_card`. |
+| 17 | Source is laid out in the layers and folders of the clean architecture folder structure (`domain`, `application`, `infrastructure`, `presentation` packages under `src/`, and `unit`, `integration` and `e2e` under `tests/`), in `snake_case`, and imports between the layers point inward | Pass | Files stay in `presentation/features/flash_card/`; tests in `unit` and `e2e`. |
+| 18 | File and folder names are English, contain no space and no character outside letters, digits, `-`, `_` and `.`, and follow the casing of the language for files | Pass | Names follow the rule; no new file contains a space. |
+
+## Overall Verdict
+
+Go — every Mandatory criterion passes. Reviewed by AI as stand-in for S01; not independent of the author.
+
+Milestone MIL-004 Go criteria: 1 `flip_card` changes side, language name and text (unit test); 2 `next_card` returns to the front (unit test); 3 `after(3000, flip_card)` is scheduled and the earlier id is cancelled first (recording scheduler e2e test); 4 back image and white text, front image and black text (e2e); 5 `PhotoImage` objects are attributes created in `__init__`, none in a callback (grep); 6 this record, `pytest` 76 passed. A manual run with a 100 ms delay showed `Danish` and white text. All Go.
+
+## Action Items
+
+| Action | Owner | Due |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| none | - | - |
+
+---
+
+[PY-MIL-004]: ../../../src/flash_card/presentation
+[QC-PY-001]: ../../../framework/qc/code/qc-programming-python.md
+[02e0c2c]: https://git.tirsystem.com/Tirsvad-Udemy-100-days-of-code/031-flash-card/commit/02e0c2c55e2a62ca13e2dec9dbf3aa823cf16242

docs/sqa/reviews/rc-027-py-mil-005.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# RC-027: Review of PY-MIL-005
+
+## Metadata
+| Key | Value |
+| --- | --- |
+| ID | RC-027 |
+| CrossReference | [PY-MIL-005], [QC-PY-001] |
+
+## Version History
+| Date | Status | Author | Reviewer | Change | Commit |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 2026-10-14 | Accepted | Jens Tirsvad Nielsen | AI as stand-in for S01 | Initial version | [8dbaaa3] |
+
+---
+
+## Artifact Under Review
+
+- Instance reviewed: [PY-MIL-005]
+- Checklist used: [QC-PY-001]
+- Scope: full review
+- Language and domain: n/a (technical type)
+- Language reviewer: none
+- Mode: autonomous, not independent (reviewer is `AI as stand-in for S01`)
+
+## Checklist Results
+
+| # | Criterion | Status | Evidence/Notes |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 1 | Packages, modules, functions, variables, classes and constants follow PEP 8 casing (`snake_case`, `PascalCase`, `UPPER_SNAKE`) | Pass | PEP 8 casing holds; ruff rule set N passes. |
+| 2 | Names state purpose in the domain's language; no unexplained abbreviations, no single-letter names outside tiny scopes | Pass | Names are the dictionary's IT terms and the assignment's (`is_known`, `mark_known`, `ProgressRepository`). |
+| 3 | Code is produced by the project's formatter and passes its linter with no unexplained suppressions | Pass | `ruff check` and `ruff format --check` pass on 47 files with no suppressions; `[tool.ruff.format] line-ending = "lf"` and `.gitattributes` fix the line endings. |
+| 4 | Every function and method signature is type-annotated, including `-> None` | Pass | Every signature is annotated; `mypy --strict` passes on 33 source files. |
+| 5 | No bare `except:`, no swallowed exceptions; specific exceptions are raised and the cause is kept (`raise ... from`) | Pass | A malformed progress file raises `VocabularyFormatError` and is never overwritten; the temporary file is removed when a write fails (re-raise, no swallow); no bare `except`. |
+| 6 | No mutable default arguments and no shadowed builtins | Pass | No mutable defaults, no builtin shadowed. |
+| 7 | Files, locks and connections are managed with context managers | Pass | Reading uses `with`; the write goes through a temporary file that is replaced atomically. |
+| 8 | Public modules, classes and functions have docstrings that say what, not how | Pass | New and changed members have Doxygen docstrings; `doxygen Doxyfile` ends with 0 warnings. |
+| 9 | Logging uses `logging`, not `print`; no secrets or personal data in log output | Pass | No `print`; no secret or personal data is logged. |
+| 10 | Classes and operations trace to the Design Class Diagram they implement; deviations are recorded | Pass | `ProgressRepository`, `CsvProgressRepository`, `StudySession.mark_known` and `is_known` are in DCD-001 and OC-001 (`markKnown`); `open_study_session` takes no speech port until MIL-006, as DCD-001 shows for the final design. |
+| 11 | Tests exist for new behaviour, are named for the behaviour, and do not depend on order or the network | Pass | 107 tests (6 consecutive full runs all green) include the assignment's 3 record example, restart, round trip, finished state and e2e on the real window over `tmp_path`; none uses the network. |
+| 12 | Type checker runs in strict mode without errors; `Any` is justified in a comment | Pass | `mypy --strict` reports no issue; no `Any`. |
+| 13 | Dependencies are declared and pinned in the project's dependency file, none unused | Pass | `dependencies` stays empty. |
+| 14 | Each piece of knowledge (a business rule, constant, format, validation or query) is defined in one place; code is merged only where it expresses the same knowledge, not where it merely looks alike | Pass | Reader and writer share `CSV_DELIMITER`, `CSV_ENCODING` and the row width in `csv_word_list.py`; the removal rule is only in `Deck.remove`. |
+| 15 | Imports point inward: business-rule modules import no framework, database, UI or delivery-mechanism code, and there are no import cycles | Pass | `lint-imports` reports `Layers point inward` kept; the `ProgressRepository` Protocol is in `domain`, its adapter in `infrastructure`. |
+| 16 | SOLID holds: a class or module has one reason to change; new behaviour is added by extension, not by editing a type test in several places; subclasses honour the contract of their base; protocols are narrow; high-level code depends on protocols or abstract types and receives its implementations | Pass | The use case depends on the Protocol and receives the adapter; the view model sequences two session calls only. |
+| 17 | Source is laid out in the layers and folders of the clean architecture folder structure (`domain`, `application`, `infrastructure`, `presentation` packages under `src/`, and `unit`, `integration` and `e2e` under `tests/`), in `snake_case`, and imports between the layers point inward | Pass | New files are in the layer folders of the clean-architecture skill; tests in `unit`, `integration`, `e2e`. |
+| 18 | File and folder names are English, contain no space and no character outside letters, digits, `-`, `_` and `.`, and follow the casing of the language for files | Pass | File and folder names follow the rule. |
+
+## Overall Verdict
+
+Go — every Mandatory criterion passes. Reviewed by AI as stand-in for S01; not independent of the author.
+
+Milestone MIL-005 Go criteria: 1 the 3 record example leaves the other two cards in order with the header (integration test); 2 a start uses the progress file when it exists and the word list otherwise (integration test); 3 the wrong button never writes (unit and e2e); 4 the last card known gives a finished state (unit); 5 a malformed progress file raises `VocabularyFormatError` and stays untouched (unit); 6 round trip readable as a word list (integration); 7 this record, `pytest` 107 passed. A manual run on a copy of `ms-da.csv` removed the known word and wrote 999 cards. Defect found and fixed in this milestone: a flaky `TclError` caused by pytest's descriptor capture and Tcl file handles; the view now loads image bytes with `Path.read_bytes()` and `PhotoImage(data=...)`. All Go.
+
+## Action Items
+
+| Action | Owner | Due |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| none | - | - |
+
+---
+
+[PY-MIL-005]: ../../../src/flash_card
+[QC-PY-001]: ../../../framework/qc/code/qc-programming-python.md
+[8dbaaa3]: https://git.tirsystem.com/Tirsvad-Udemy-100-days-of-code/031-flash-card/commit/8dbaaa30595a3650bc85006a2188f81ab903125e

docs/sqa/traceability-matrix.md

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ updated whenever an artifact instance is created or reviewed.
 | PY-MIL-001 | Python Source Code | - | - | DCD-001, ADR-0002 | - | [RC-023] |
 | PY-MIL-002 | Python Source Code | - | - | DCD-001, ADR-0002 | - | [RC-024] |
 | PY-MIL-003 | Python Source Code | - | - | DCD-001, ADR-0002 | - | [RC-025] |
+| PY-MIL-004 | Python Source Code | - | - | DCD-001, ADR-0002 | - | [RC-026] |
+| PY-MIL-005 | Python Source Code | - | - | DCD-001, ADR-0002 | - | [RC-027] |
 
 ## Coverage Notes
 
@@ -108,3 +110,7 @@ updated whenever an artifact instance is created or reviewed.
 [PY-MIL-002]: ../../src/flash_card
 [RC-025]: ./reviews/rc-025-py-mil-003.md
 [PY-MIL-003]: ../../src/flash_card
+[RC-026]: ./reviews/rc-026-py-mil-004.md
+[PY-MIL-004]: ../../src/flash_card
+[RC-027]: ./reviews/rc-027-py-mil-005.md
+[PY-MIL-005]: ../../src/flash_card

pyproject.toml

@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@ line-length = 88
 target-version = "py313"
 src = ["src", "tests"]
 
+[tool.ruff.format]
+line-ending = "lf"
+
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 select = ["E", "F", "I", "UP", "B", "SIM", "N", "D"]
 ignore = ["D203", "D213"]

src/flash_card/application/use_cases/open_study_session.py

@@ -9,19 +9,25 @@ from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from flash_card.application.use_cases.study_session import StudySession
 from flash_card.domain.entities.card import Card
 from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
+from flash_card.domain.repositories.progress_repository import ProgressRepository
 from flash_card.domain.repositories.vocabulary_repository import VocabularyRepository
 
 
 def open_study_session(
     vocabulary_repository: VocabularyRepository,
+    progress_repository: ProgressRepository,
     choose: Callable[[Sequence[Card]], Card],
 ) -> StudySession:
-    """Load the word list and build a session over all its cards.
+    """Build a session over the saved words to learn, else the whole word list.
 
-    @param vocabulary_repository Source of the word list.
+    @param vocabulary_repository Source of the delivered word list.
+    @param progress_repository Store of the words still to learn.
     @param choose Picks one card from a non-empty sequence.
     @return The new session.
-    @throws VocabularyError When the word list cannot be loaded.
+    @throws VocabularyError When the saved progress, or the word list when no
+        progress exists, cannot be loaded.
     """
-    deck = Deck.from_vocabulary(vocabulary_repository.load())
+    deck = progress_repository.load()
-    return StudySession(deck, choose)
+    if deck is None:
+        deck = Deck.from_vocabulary(vocabulary_repository.load())
+    return StudySession(deck, choose, progress_repository)

src/flash_card/application/use_cases/study_session.py

@@ -9,17 +9,26 @@ from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from flash_card.application.dto.card_dto import CardDto
 from flash_card.domain.entities.card import Card
 from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
+from flash_card.domain.repositories.progress_repository import ProgressRepository
 
 
 class StudySession:
     """Draws cards from a deck, one after another."""
 
-    def __init__(self, deck: Deck, choose: Callable[[Sequence[Card]], Card]) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        deck: Deck,
+        choose: Callable[[Sequence[Card]], Card],
+        progress: ProgressRepository,
+    ) -> None:
         """Create a session.
 
         @param deck The cards still to learn.
         @param choose Picks one card from a non-empty sequence.
+        @param progress Store of the words still to learn.
         """
+        ## @brief Store of the words still to learn.
+        self._progress = progress
         ## @brief The cards still to learn.
         self._deck = deck
         ## @brief Picks one card from a non-empty sequence.
@@ -54,6 +63,19 @@ class StudySession:
         self._current = self._deck.draw(self._choose, exclude=self._current)
         return self._to_dto(self._current)
 
+    def mark_known(self) -> None:
+        """Remove the current card from the deck and save the remaining cards.
+
+        Does nothing and saves nothing when no card is shown.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        if self._current is None:
+            return
+        self._deck.remove(self._current)
+        self._progress.save(self._deck)
+        self._current = None
+
     def _to_dto(self, card: Card | None) -> CardDto | None:
         """Map a card to its DTO.
 

src/flash_card/domain/repositories/progress_repository.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Port to the words still to learn.
+
+@file progress_repository.py
+@brief The ProgressRepository interface.
+"""
+
+from typing import Protocol
+
+from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
+
+
+class ProgressRepository(Protocol):
+    """Store of the words still to learn."""
+
+    def load(self) -> Deck | None:
+        """Load the saved words to learn.
+
+        @return The deck, or None when no progress was saved.
+        @throws VocabularyError When the saved progress is unusable.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def save(self, deck: Deck) -> None:
+        """Save the words still to learn.
+
+        @param deck The cards still to learn.
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        ...

src/flash_card/infrastructure/persistence/csv_progress_repository.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""CSV implementation of the progress port.
+
+@file csv_progress_repository.py
+@brief The CsvProgressRepository adapter.
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_word_list import (
+    read_word_list,
+    write_word_list,
+)
+
+
+class CsvProgressRepository:
+    """Keeps the words still to learn in a CSV file."""
+
+    def __init__(self, path: Path) -> None:
+        """Create the repository.
+
+        @param path The words to learn file.
+        """
+        ## @brief The words to learn file.
+        self._path = path
+
+    def load(self) -> Deck | None:
+        """Load the saved words to learn.
+
+        @return The deck, possibly empty, or None when the file does not exist.
+        @throws VocabularyFormatError When the file is malformed; it is left as is.
+        """
+        if not self._path.exists():
+            return None
+        pair, cards = read_word_list(self._path)
+        return Deck(pair, cards)
+
+    def save(self, deck: Deck) -> None:
+        """Save the words still to learn.
+
+        @param deck The cards still to learn.
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        write_word_list(self._path, deck.language_pair, deck.cards)

src/flash_card/infrastructure/persistence/csv_word_list.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-"""Reading of the word list CSV file.
+"""Reading and writing of the word list CSV file.
 
 @file csv_word_list.py
-@brief Reads a semicolon separated word list with a language code header.
+@brief Reads and writes a semicolon separated word list with a language code
+header; the format is defined once here.
 """
 
 import csv
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from flash_card.constants import CSV_DELIMITER, CSV_ENCODING
@@ -84,3 +86,31 @@ def read_word_list(path: Path) -> tuple[LanguagePair, tuple[Card, ...]]:
     if pair is None:
         raise _format_error(path, 1, "file is empty")
     return pair, tuple(cards)
+
+
+def write_word_list(
+    path: Path, language_pair: LanguagePair, cards: Iterable[Card]
+) -> None:
+    """Write a word list file atomically.
+
+    The rows go to a temporary file in the same folder, which then replaces the
+    target, so a crash never leaves a half written file.
+
+    @param path The CSV file to create or replace.
+    @param language_pair The languages, written as the header row.
+    @param cards The cards, written one row each in the given order.
+    @return Nothing.
+    @throws OSError When the file cannot be written.
+    """
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    temporary = path.with_name(path.name + ".tmp")
+    rows = [(language_pair.front_code, language_pair.back_code)]
+    rows.extend((card.front, card.back) for card in cards)
+    try:
+        with temporary.open("w", encoding=CSV_ENCODING, newline="") as file:
+            writer = csv.writer(file, delimiter=CSV_DELIMITER, lineterminator="\n")
+            writer.writerows(rows)
+        temporary.replace(path)
+    except BaseException:
+        temporary.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        raise

src/flash_card/presentation/app.py

@@ -13,8 +13,15 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import NoReturn
 
 from flash_card.application.use_cases.open_study_session import open_study_session
-from flash_card.constants import DEFAULT_DATA_DIR, VOCABULARY_FILE_NAME
+from flash_card.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_DATA_DIR,
+    PROGRESS_FILE_NAME,
+    VOCABULARY_FILE_NAME,
+)
 from flash_card.domain.errors.vocabulary_errors import VocabularyError
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_progress_repository import (
+    CsvProgressRepository,
+)
 from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_vocabulary_repository import (
     CsvVocabularyRepository,
 )
@@ -34,11 +41,12 @@ def create_application(
 
     @param data_dir Folder of the data files, or None for the default folder.
     @return The root window and the view built on it.
-    @throws VocabularyError When the word list cannot be loaded.
+    @throws VocabularyError When the word list or saved progress is unusable.
     """
     folder = DEFAULT_DATA_DIR if data_dir is None else data_dir
     repository = CsvVocabularyRepository(folder / VOCABULARY_FILE_NAME)
-    session = open_study_session(repository, random.choice)
+    progress = CsvProgressRepository(folder / PROGRESS_FILE_NAME)
+    session = open_study_session(repository, progress, random.choice)
     view_model = FlashCardViewModel(session)
     root = tk.Tk()
     view = FlashCardView(root, view_model)

src/flash_card/presentation/features/flash_card/flash_card_view.py

@@ -8,11 +8,14 @@ import tkinter as tk
 
 from flash_card.constants import (
     ASSETS_DIR,
+    BACK_TEXT_COLOR,
     BACKGROUND_COLOR,
+    CARD_BACK_IMAGE_NAME,
     CARD_CENTER_X,
     CARD_FRONT_IMAGE_NAME,
     CARD_HEIGHT,
     CARD_WIDTH,
+    FLIP_DELAY_MS,
     FRONT_TEXT_COLOR,
     LANGUAGE_FONT,
     LANGUAGE_TEXT_Y,
@@ -25,9 +28,25 @@ from flash_card.constants import (
 )
 from flash_card.presentation.features.flash_card.flash_card_view_model import (
     FlashCardViewModel,
+    Side,
 )
 
 
+def _load_image(root: tk.Tk, name: str) -> tk.PhotoImage:
+    """Load an asset image.
+
+    The bytes are read here and handed to Tk as data, so the image does not
+    depend on Tcl opening the file: Tcl keeps the standard handles it saw at
+    start, and a process that swaps them (pytest fd capture) makes the first
+    Tcl file open fail with an empty error.
+
+    @param root The Tk root window that owns the image.
+    @param name The file name in the assets folder.
+    @return The image; the caller must keep a reference.
+    """
+    return tk.PhotoImage(master=root, data=(ASSETS_DIR / name).read_bytes())
+
+
 class FlashCardView:
     """The flash card window: a card and the wrong and right buttons."""
 
@@ -46,11 +65,13 @@ class FlashCardView:
 
         # Kept as attributes: Tkinter drops an image nothing refers to.
         ## @brief Card front image, kept so Tk does not drop it.
-        self._card_front_image = tk.PhotoImage(file=ASSETS_DIR / CARD_FRONT_IMAGE_NAME)
+        self._card_front_image = _load_image(root, CARD_FRONT_IMAGE_NAME)
+        ## @brief Card back image, kept so Tk does not drop it.
+        self._card_back_image = _load_image(root, CARD_BACK_IMAGE_NAME)
         ## @brief Wrong button image, kept so Tk does not drop it.
-        self._wrong_image = tk.PhotoImage(file=ASSETS_DIR / WRONG_IMAGE_NAME)
+        self._wrong_image = _load_image(root, WRONG_IMAGE_NAME)
         ## @brief Right button image, kept so Tk does not drop it.
-        self._right_image = tk.PhotoImage(file=ASSETS_DIR / RIGHT_IMAGE_NAME)
+        self._right_image = _load_image(root, RIGHT_IMAGE_NAME)
 
         ## @brief Canvas that draws the card.
         self.canvas = tk.Canvas(
@@ -97,17 +118,89 @@ class FlashCardView:
             image=self._right_image,
             highlightthickness=0,
             bd=0,
-            command=self.next_card,
+            command=self.is_known,
         )
         self.right_button.grid(row=1, column=1)
 
+        ## @brief Id of the pending flip timer, or None when none is pending.
+        self.flip_timer: str | None = None
+        self._start_flip_timer()
+
+    @property
+    def card_front_image(self) -> tk.PhotoImage:
+        """Return the card front image.
+
+        @return The image shown while the front side is up.
+        """
+        return self._card_front_image
+
+    @property
+    def card_back_image(self) -> tk.PhotoImage:
+        """Return the card back image.
+
+        @return The image shown while the back side is up.
+        """
+        return self._card_back_image
+
     def next_card(self) -> None:
-        """Show the next card.
+        """Show the next card front and restart the flip timer.
 
         @return Nothing.
         """
+        self._cancel_flip_timer()
         self._view_model.next_card()
+        self._show_card()
+        self._start_flip_timer()
+
+    def is_known(self) -> None:
+        """Mark the card as known, show the next card front, restart the timer.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        self._cancel_flip_timer()
+        self._view_model.is_known()
+        self._show_card()
+        self._start_flip_timer()
+
+    def flip_card(self) -> None:
+        """Show the back of the current card.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        self._cancel_flip_timer()
+        self._view_model.flip_card()
+        self._show_card()
+
+    def _cancel_flip_timer(self) -> None:
+        """Cancel the pending flip timer, if any.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        if self.flip_timer is not None:
+            self._root.after_cancel(self.flip_timer)
+            self.flip_timer = None
+
+    def _start_flip_timer(self) -> None:
+        """Schedule the flip unless no card is left.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        if not self._view_model.is_finished:
+            self.flip_timer = self._root.after(FLIP_DELAY_MS, self.flip_card)
+
+    def _show_card(self) -> None:
+        """Draw image and texts of the side the view model shows.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        if self._view_model.side is Side.BACK:
+            image, color = self._card_back_image, BACK_TEXT_COLOR
+        else:
+            image, color = self._card_front_image, FRONT_TEXT_COLOR
+        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.image_id, image=image)
         self.canvas.itemconfig(
-            self.language_text_id, text=self._view_model.language_name
+            self.language_text_id, text=self._view_model.language_name, fill=color
+        )
+        self.canvas.itemconfig(
+            self.word_text_id, text=self._view_model.text, fill=color
         )
-        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.word_text_id, text=self._view_model.text)

src/flash_card/presentation/features/flash_card/flash_card_view_model.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 @brief Exposes the texts shown on the card; free of any Tkinter import.
 """
 
+import enum
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 
 from flash_card.application.dto.card_dto import CardDto
@@ -11,6 +12,15 @@ from flash_card.application.use_cases.study_session import StudySession
 from flash_card.constants import FINISHED_MESSAGE, LANGUAGE_NAMES
 
 
+class Side(enum.Enum):
+    """The side of a card that is shown."""
+
+    ## @brief The front: the word to learn.
+    FRONT = enum.auto()
+    ## @brief The back: the translation.
+    BACK = enum.auto()
+
+
 class FlashCardViewModel:
     """Data the flash card view shows."""
 
@@ -30,6 +40,8 @@ class FlashCardViewModel:
         self._language_names = language_names
         ## @brief The card shown now, or None when none is left.
         self._card: CardDto | None = session.next_card()
+        ## @brief The side of the card shown.
+        self._side = Side.FRONT
 
     @property
     def is_finished(self) -> bool:
@@ -39,31 +51,69 @@ class FlashCardViewModel:
         """
         return self._card is None
 
+    @property
+    def side(self) -> Side:
+        """Return the side of the card shown.
+
+        @return FRONT or BACK; FRONT when no card is left.
+        """
+        return self._side
+
     @property
     def language_name(self) -> str:
         """Return the language name shown on the card.
 
-        @return The display name of the front language, upper case code when
+        @return The display name of the language of the side shown, upper case
-            unknown, or an empty string when no card is left.
+            code when unknown, or an empty string when no card is left.
         """
         if self._card is None:
             return ""
-        code = self._card.front_language
+        if self._side is Side.BACK:
+            code = self._card.back_language
+        else:
+            code = self._card.front_language
         return self._language_names.get(code, code.upper())
 
     @property
     def text(self) -> str:
         """Return the word shown on the card.
 
-        @return The front text, or the finished message when no card is left.
+        @return The text of the side shown, or the finished message when no
+            card is left.
         """
         if self._card is None:
             return FINISHED_MESSAGE
+        if self._side is Side.BACK:
+            return self._card.back_text
         return self._card.front_text
 
     def next_card(self) -> None:
-        """Draw the next card.
+        """Draw the next card and show its front; does nothing when finished.
 
         @return Nothing.
         """
+        if self._card is None:
+            return
         self._card = self._session.next_card()
+        self._side = Side.FRONT
+
+    def is_known(self) -> None:
+        """Mark the card as known, save the progress and show the next card.
+
+        Does nothing when finished.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        if self._card is None:
+            return
+        self._session.mark_known()
+        self._card = self._session.next_card()
+        self._side = Side.FRONT
+
+    def flip_card(self) -> None:
+        """Show the back of the card; does nothing when finished or flipped.
+
+        @return Nothing.
+        """
+        if self._card is not None:
+            self._side = Side.BACK

tests/e2e/test_flash_card_window.py

@@ -4,16 +4,22 @@
 @brief Builds the real window with Tk and checks it against the wireframe.
 """
 
+import time
 import tkinter as tk
-from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator, Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
+from flash_card.application.use_cases.open_study_session import open_study_session
 from flash_card.application.use_cases.study_session import StudySession
 from flash_card.constants import (
+    BACK_TEXT_COLOR,
     BACKGROUND_COLOR,
     CARD_HEIGHT,
     CARD_WIDTH,
+    FINISHED_MESSAGE,
+    FLIP_DELAY_MS,
     FRONT_TEXT_COLOR,
     LANGUAGE_FONT,
     WINDOW_PADDING,
@@ -23,6 +29,13 @@ from flash_card.constants import (
 from flash_card.domain.entities.card import Card
 from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
 from flash_card.domain.value_objects.language_pair import LanguagePair
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_progress_repository import (
+    CsvProgressRepository,
+)
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_vocabulary_repository import (
+    CsvVocabularyRepository,
+)
+from flash_card.presentation.features.flash_card import flash_card_view
 from flash_card.presentation.features.flash_card.flash_card_view import FlashCardView
 from flash_card.presentation.features.flash_card.flash_card_view_model import (
     FlashCardViewModel,
@@ -35,9 +48,20 @@ def _first(cards: Sequence[Card]) -> Card:
     return cards[0]
 
 
+class _MemoryProgress:
+    """Progress store that keeps nothing: the shared window never deletes cards."""
+
+    def load(self) -> Deck | None:
+        return None
+
+    def save(self, deck: Deck) -> None:
+        return None
+
+
 def _build_view(root: tk.Tk) -> FlashCardView:
     deck = Deck(LanguagePair("ms", "da"), CARDS)
-    return FlashCardView(root, FlashCardViewModel(StudySession(deck, _first)))
+    session = StudySession(deck, _first, _MemoryProgress())
+    return FlashCardView(root, FlashCardViewModel(session))
 
 
 def _shown(view: FlashCardView) -> tuple[str, str]:
@@ -125,12 +149,181 @@ def test_buttons_sit_in_row_one_with_their_images(
     assert str(view.right_button.cget("command"))
 
 
-def test_each_button_press_shows_next_card(
+def test_wrong_button_press_shows_next_card(
     window: tuple[tk.Tk, FlashCardView],
 ) -> None:
     _root, view = window
     assert _shown(view) == ("Malay", "aku")
     view.wrong_button.invoke()
     assert _shown(view) == ("Malay", "kau")
-    view.right_button.invoke()
+    view.wrong_button.invoke()
     assert _shown(view) == ("Malay", "aku")
+
+
+def _word(view: FlashCardView) -> str:
+    return _shown(view)[1]
+
+
+def _image(view: FlashCardView) -> str:
+    return str(view.canvas.itemcget(view.image_id, "image"))
+
+
+def _fill(view: FlashCardView) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    return (
+        str(view.canvas.itemcget(view.language_text_id, "fill")),
+        str(view.canvas.itemcget(view.word_text_id, "fill")),
+    )
+
+
+def _reset(root: tk.Tk, view: FlashCardView) -> None:
+    """Show a fresh front with no pending timer."""
+    view.next_card()
+    if view.flip_timer is not None:
+        root.after_cancel(view.flip_timer)
+        view.flip_timer = None
+
+
+def test_front_state_uses_front_image_black_text_and_front_language(
+    window: tuple[tk.Tk, FlashCardView],
+) -> None:
+    root, view = window
+    _reset(root, view)
+    assert _image(view) == str(view.card_front_image)
+    assert _fill(view) == (FRONT_TEXT_COLOR, FRONT_TEXT_COLOR)
+    assert _shown(view)[0] == "Malay"
+    assert _word(view) in {card.front for card in CARDS}
+
+
+def test_flip_card_shows_back_image_white_text_and_translation(
+    window: tuple[tk.Tk, FlashCardView],
+) -> None:
+    root, view = window
+    _reset(root, view)
+    front = _word(view)
+    view.flip_card()
+    translations = {card.front: card.back for card in CARDS}
+    assert _image(view) == str(view.card_back_image)
+    assert _image(view) != str(view.card_front_image)
+    assert _fill(view) == (BACK_TEXT_COLOR, BACK_TEXT_COLOR)
+    assert _shown(view) == ("Danish", translations[front])
+    assert view.flip_timer is None
+
+
+def test_next_card_after_flip_shows_front_again(
+    window: tuple[tk.Tk, FlashCardView],
+) -> None:
+    root, view = window
+    _reset(root, view)
+    view.flip_card()
+    view.wrong_button.invoke()
+    assert _image(view) == str(view.card_front_image)
+    assert _fill(view) == (FRONT_TEXT_COLOR, FRONT_TEXT_COLOR)
+    assert _shown(view)[0] == "Malay"
+    _reset(root, view)
+
+
+def test_next_card_cancels_pending_timer_and_schedules_flip(
+    window: tuple[tk.Tk, FlashCardView],
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    root, view = window
+    _reset(root, view)
+    calls: list[tuple[str, object]] = []
+
+    def fake_after(delay: int, callback: Callable[[], None]) -> str:
+        calls.append(("after", (delay, callback)))
+        return "timer-id"
+
+    def fake_cancel(timer_id: str) -> None:
+        calls.append(("cancel", timer_id))
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(root, "after", fake_after, raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(root, "after_cancel", fake_cancel, raising=False)
+    view.flip_timer = "old-id"
+    view.next_card()
+    assert calls == [
+        ("cancel", "old-id"),
+        ("after", (FLIP_DELAY_MS, view.flip_card)),
+    ]
+    assert view.flip_timer == "timer-id"
+    view.flip_timer = None
+
+
+def test_real_timer_flips_card_after_delay(
+    window: tuple[tk.Tk, FlashCardView],
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    root, view = window
+    monkeypatch.setattr(flash_card_view, "FLIP_DELAY_MS", 50)
+    view.next_card()
+    assert _image(view) == str(view.card_front_image)
+    deadline = time.monotonic() + 2
+    while view.flip_timer is not None and time.monotonic() < deadline:
+        root.update()
+        time.sleep(0.005)
+    assert view.flip_timer is None
+    assert _image(view) == str(view.card_back_image)
+    assert _shown(view)[0] == "Danish"
+    _reset(root, view)
+
+
+HEADER_ONLY = "ms;da\n"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def files_view(
+    window: tuple[tk.Tk, FlashCardView], tmp_path: Path
+) -> Iterator[tuple[FlashCardView, Path]]:
+    """A second view on the shared root, over real repositories in tmp_path."""
+    root, _shared = window
+    words = tmp_path / "words.csv"
+    words.write_text("ms;da\naku;mig\nkau;du\nini;denne\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    progress = tmp_path / "words_to_learn.csv"
+    session = open_study_session(
+        CsvVocabularyRepository(words), CsvProgressRepository(progress), _first
+    )
+    view = FlashCardView(root, FlashCardViewModel(session))
+    yield view, progress
+    if view.flip_timer is not None:
+        root.after_cancel(view.flip_timer)
+    for widget in (view.canvas, view.wrong_button, view.right_button):
+        widget.destroy()
+
+
+def _saved(progress: Path) -> str:
+    return progress.read_bytes().decode("utf-8-sig")
+
+
+def test_right_button_removes_card_and_writes_progress_file(
+    files_view: tuple[FlashCardView, Path],
+) -> None:
+    view, progress = files_view
+    assert _shown(view) == ("Malay", "aku")
+    view.right_button.invoke()
+    assert _shown(view) == ("Malay", "kau")
+    assert _saved(progress) == "ms;da\nkau;du\nini;denne\n"
+
+
+def test_wrong_button_shows_next_card_and_leaves_progress_file_absent(
+    files_view: tuple[FlashCardView, Path],
+) -> None:
+    view, progress = files_view
+    view.wrong_button.invoke()
+    assert _shown(view) == ("Malay", "kau")
+    assert not progress.exists()
+
+
+def test_buttons_do_nothing_visible_when_finished(
+    files_view: tuple[FlashCardView, Path],
+) -> None:
+    view, progress = files_view
+    for _ in range(3):
+        view.right_button.invoke()
+    assert _shown(view) == ("", FINISHED_MESSAGE)
+    assert view.flip_timer is None
+    assert _saved(progress) == HEADER_ONLY
+    view.right_button.invoke()
+    view.wrong_button.invoke()
+    assert _shown(view) == ("", FINISHED_MESSAGE)
+    assert view.flip_timer is None
+    assert _saved(progress) == HEADER_ONLY

tests/integration/test_progress_file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""Integration tests of saving and resuming progress over real CSV files."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from flash_card.application.use_cases.open_study_session import open_study_session
+from flash_card.application.use_cases.study_session import StudySession
+from flash_card.domain.entities.card import Card
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_progress_repository import (
+    CsvProgressRepository,
+)
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_vocabulary_repository import (
+    CsvVocabularyRepository,
+)
+
+WORDS = "fr;en\nchaque;each\nparlé;speak\narrivé;come\n"
+
+Choose = Callable[[Sequence[Card]], Card]
+
+
+def _first(cards: Sequence[Card]) -> Card:
+    return cards[0]
+
+
+def _choose_front(front: str) -> Choose:
+    def choose(cards: Sequence[Card]) -> Card:
+        return next(card for card in cards if card.front == front)
+
+    return choose
+
+
+def _open(folder: Path, choose: Choose = _first) -> StudySession:
+    return open_study_session(
+        CsvVocabularyRepository(folder / "words.csv"),
+        CsvProgressRepository(folder / "words_to_learn.csv"),
+        choose,
+    )
+
+
+def _setup(folder: Path) -> Path:
+    (folder / "words.csv").write_text(WORDS, encoding="utf-8")
+    return folder / "words_to_learn.csv"
+
+
+def _text(path: Path) -> str:
+    return path.read_bytes().decode("utf-8-sig")
+
+
+def test_mark_known_writes_remaining_cards_in_order(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    progress = _setup(tmp_path)
+    session = _open(tmp_path, _choose_front("parlé"))
+    session.next_card()
+    session.mark_known()
+    assert _text(progress) == "fr;en\nchaque;each\narrivé;come\n"
+
+
+def test_restart_draws_only_from_progress_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    _setup(tmp_path)
+    first = _open(tmp_path, _choose_front("parlé"))
+    first.next_card()
+    first.mark_known()
+
+    second = _open(tmp_path)
+    fronts: set[str] = set()
+    for _ in range(6):
+        card = second.next_card()
+        assert card is not None
+        fronts.add(card.front_text)
+
+    assert second.remaining == 2
+    assert fronts == {"chaque", "arrivé"}
+
+
+def test_progress_file_is_readable_as_vocabulary(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    progress = _setup(tmp_path)
+    session = _open(tmp_path, _choose_front("chaque"))
+    session.next_card()
+    session.mark_known()
+    vocabulary = CsvVocabularyRepository(progress).load()
+    assert vocabulary.cards == (Card("parlé", "speak"), Card("arrivé", "come"))
+
+
+def test_header_only_progress_file_gives_finished_session(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    progress = _setup(tmp_path)
+    progress.write_text("fr;en\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    session = _open(tmp_path)
+    assert session.remaining == 0
+    assert session.next_card() is None
+
+
+def test_unknown_card_never_creates_progress_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    progress = _setup(tmp_path)
+    session = _open(tmp_path)
+    session.next_card()
+    session.next_card()
+    assert not progress.exists()

tests/integration/test_vocabulary_file.py

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
 """Integration tests of the word list reader on the delivered file."""
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
 from flash_card.application.use_cases.open_study_session import open_study_session
-from flash_card.constants import DEFAULT_DATA_DIR, VOCABULARY_FILE_NAME
+from flash_card.constants import (
+    DEFAULT_DATA_DIR,
+    PROGRESS_FILE_NAME,
+    VOCABULARY_FILE_NAME,
+)
 from flash_card.domain.entities.card import Card
 from flash_card.domain.value_objects.language_pair import LanguagePair
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_progress_repository import (
+    CsvProgressRepository,
+)
 from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_vocabulary_repository import (
     CsvVocabularyRepository,
 )
@@ -19,10 +28,11 @@ def test_read_word_list_reads_real_file() -> None:
     assert cards[0] == Card("aku", "mig")
 
 
-def test_open_study_session_yields_card_from_real_file() -> None:
+def test_open_study_session_yields_card_from_real_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     repository = CsvVocabularyRepository(PATH)
     cards = repository.load().cards
-    session = open_study_session(repository, lambda candidates: candidates[0])
+    progress = CsvProgressRepository(tmp_path / PROGRESS_FILE_NAME)
+    session = open_study_session(repository, progress, lambda candidates: candidates[0])
 
     card = session.next_card()
 

tests/unit/application/test_open_study_session.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import pytest
 from flash_card.application.dto.card_dto import CardDto
 from flash_card.application.use_cases.open_study_session import open_study_session
 from flash_card.domain.entities.card import Card
+from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
 from flash_card.domain.entities.vocabulary import Vocabulary
 from flash_card.domain.errors.vocabulary_errors import VocabularyNotFoundError
 from flash_card.domain.value_objects.language_pair import LanguagePair
@@ -20,6 +21,18 @@ class _FakeRepository:
         return self._vocabulary
 
 
+class _RecordingProgress:
+    def __init__(self, stored: Deck | None = None) -> None:
+        self.stored = stored
+        self.saved: list[tuple[Card, ...]] = []
+
+    def load(self) -> Deck | None:
+        return self.stored
+
+    def save(self, deck: Deck) -> None:
+        self.saved.append(deck.cards)
+
+
 class _MissingRepository:
     def load(self) -> Vocabulary:
         raise VocabularyNotFoundError("missing")
@@ -33,7 +46,7 @@ def test_open_study_session_builds_session_over_all_cards() -> None:
     cards = (Card("aku", "mig"), Card("kau", "du"))
     repository = _FakeRepository(Vocabulary(LanguagePair("ms", "da"), cards))
 
-    session = open_study_session(repository, _first)
+    session = open_study_session(repository, _RecordingProgress(), _first)
 
     assert session.remaining == 2
     assert session.next_card() == CardDto("aku", "mig", "ms", "da")
@@ -41,4 +54,33 @@ def test_open_study_session_builds_session_over_all_cards() -> None:
 
 def test_open_study_session_propagates_repository_error() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(VocabularyNotFoundError):
-        open_study_session(_MissingRepository(), _first)
+        open_study_session(_MissingRepository(), _RecordingProgress(), _first)
+
+
+def test_open_study_session_prefers_saved_progress() -> None:
+    pair = LanguagePair("ms", "da")
+    vocabulary = Vocabulary(pair, (Card("aku", "mig"), Card("kau", "du")))
+    progress = _RecordingProgress(Deck(pair, [Card("kau", "du")]))
+
+    session = open_study_session(_FakeRepository(vocabulary), progress, _first)
+
+    assert session.remaining == 1
+    assert session.next_card() == CardDto("kau", "du", "ms", "da")
+
+
+def test_open_study_session_skips_vocabulary_when_progress_exists() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress(Deck(LanguagePair("ms", "da"), []))
+
+    session = open_study_session(_MissingRepository(), progress, _first)
+
+    assert session.remaining == 0
+
+
+def test_open_study_session_never_saves_on_start() -> None:
+    vocabulary = Vocabulary(LanguagePair("ms", "da"), (Card("aku", "mig"),))
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+
+    session = open_study_session(_FakeRepository(vocabulary), progress, _first)
+    session.next_card()
+
+    assert progress.saved == []

tests/unit/application/test_study_session.py

@@ -17,8 +17,20 @@ def _first(cards: Sequence[Card]) -> Card:
     return cards[0]
 
 
-def _session(*cards: Card) -> StudySession:
+class _RecordingProgress:
-    return StudySession(Deck(PAIR, cards), _first)
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.saved: list[tuple[Card, ...]] = []
+
+    def load(self) -> Deck | None:
+        return None
+
+    def save(self, deck: Deck) -> None:
+        self.saved.append(deck.cards)
+
+
+def _session(*cards: Card, progress: _RecordingProgress | None = None) -> StudySession:
+    store = _RecordingProgress() if progress is None else progress
+    return StudySession(Deck(PAIR, cards), _first, store)
 
 
 def test_current_card_is_none_before_first_draw() -> None:
@@ -58,3 +70,38 @@ def test_remaining_counts_cards_in_deck() -> None:
     session = _session(A, B)
     session.next_card()
     assert session.remaining == 2
+
+
+def test_mark_known_removes_current_card_and_saves_remaining_once() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    session = _session(A, B, progress=progress)
+    session.next_card()
+    session.mark_known()
+    assert session.remaining == 1
+    assert session.current_card is None
+    assert progress.saved == [(B,)]
+
+
+def test_mark_known_saves_nothing_when_no_current_card() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    session = _session(A, progress=progress)
+    session.mark_known()
+    assert session.remaining == 1
+    assert progress.saved == []
+
+
+def test_mark_known_on_last_card_leaves_session_finished() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    session = _session(A, progress=progress)
+    session.next_card()
+    session.mark_known()
+    assert progress.saved == [()]
+    assert session.next_card() is None
+
+
+def test_next_card_never_saves() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    session = _session(A, B, progress=progress)
+    session.next_card()
+    session.next_card()
+    assert progress.saved == []

tests/unit/infrastructure/test_csv_progress_repository.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""Tests of write_word_list and CsvProgressRepository."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from flash_card.domain.entities.card import Card
+from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
+from flash_card.domain.errors.vocabulary_errors import VocabularyFormatError
+from flash_card.domain.value_objects.language_pair import LanguagePair
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_progress_repository import (
+    CsvProgressRepository,
+)
+from flash_card.infrastructure.persistence.csv_word_list import (
+    read_word_list,
+    write_word_list,
+)
+
+PAIR = LanguagePair("ms", "da")
+CARDS = (Card("aku", "mig"), Card("kau", "du"))
+
+
+def test_write_word_list_round_trips_through_read_word_list(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "w.csv"
+    write_word_list(path, PAIR, CARDS)
+    assert read_word_list(path) == (PAIR, CARDS)
+
+
+def test_write_word_list_writes_header_and_rows_with_semicolon(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "w.csv"
+    write_word_list(path, PAIR, CARDS)
+    raw = path.read_bytes()
+    assert raw.decode("utf-8-sig") == "ms;da\naku;mig\nkau;du\n"
+    assert b"\r" not in raw
+
+
+def test_write_word_list_keeps_non_ascii_text(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "w.csv"
+    cards = (Card("chaque", "each"), Card("parlé", "speak"))
+    write_word_list(path, LanguagePair("fr", "en"), cards)
+    assert read_word_list(path)[1] == cards
+
+
+def test_write_word_list_writes_header_only_for_no_cards(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "w.csv"
+    write_word_list(path, PAIR, ())
+    assert read_word_list(path) == (PAIR, ())
+
+
+def test_write_word_list_creates_parent_folder(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "data" / "deep" / "w.csv"
+    write_word_list(path, PAIR, CARDS)
+    assert path.is_file()
+
+
+def test_write_word_list_replaces_file_and_leaves_no_temporary_file(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "w.csv"
+    write_word_list(path, PAIR, CARDS)
+    write_word_list(path, PAIR, CARDS[:1])
+    assert read_word_list(path)[1] == CARDS[:1]
+    assert [item.name for item in tmp_path.iterdir()] == ["w.csv"]
+
+
+def test_write_word_list_keeps_old_file_and_no_temporary_when_write_fails(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "w.csv"
+    write_word_list(path, PAIR, CARDS)
+    unencodable = (Card("aku", "\ud800"),)
+    with pytest.raises(UnicodeEncodeError):
+        write_word_list(path, PAIR, unencodable)
+    assert read_word_list(path)[1] == CARDS
+    assert [item.name for item in tmp_path.iterdir()] == ["w.csv"]
+
+
+def test_progress_load_returns_none_when_file_is_missing(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    assert CsvProgressRepository(tmp_path / "p.csv").load() is None
+
+
+def test_progress_load_returns_empty_deck_for_header_only_file(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "p.csv"
+    path.write_text("ms;da\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    deck = CsvProgressRepository(path).load()
+    assert deck is not None
+    assert deck.is_empty
+    assert deck.language_pair == PAIR
+
+
+def test_progress_load_raises_format_error_and_keeps_malformed_file(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    path = tmp_path / "p.csv"
+    content = b"ms;da\naku;mig;extra\n"
+    path.write_bytes(content)
+    with pytest.raises(VocabularyFormatError):
+        CsvProgressRepository(path).load()
+    assert path.read_bytes() == content
+
+
+def test_progress_save_then_load_returns_same_cards(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    repository = CsvProgressRepository(tmp_path / "p.csv")
+    repository.save(Deck(PAIR, CARDS))
+    deck = repository.load()
+    assert deck is not None
+    assert deck.cards == CARDS
+    assert deck.language_pair == PAIR

tests/unit/test_flash_card_view_model.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from flash_card.domain.entities.deck import Deck
 from flash_card.domain.value_objects.language_pair import LanguagePair
 from flash_card.presentation.features.flash_card.flash_card_view_model import (
     FlashCardViewModel,
+    Side,
 )
 
 A = Card("aku", "mig")
@@ -19,8 +20,22 @@ def _first(cards: Sequence[Card]) -> Card:
     return cards[0]
 
 
-def _session(code: str, *cards: Card) -> StudySession:
+class _RecordingProgress:
-    return StudySession(Deck(LanguagePair(code, "da"), cards), _first)
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.saved: list[tuple[Card, ...]] = []
+
+    def load(self) -> Deck | None:
+        return None
+
+    def save(self, deck: Deck) -> None:
+        self.saved.append(deck.cards)
+
+
+def _session(
+    code: str, *cards: Card, progress: _RecordingProgress | None = None
+) -> StudySession:
+    store = _RecordingProgress() if progress is None else progress
+    return StudySession(Deck(LanguagePair(code, "da"), cards), _first, store)
 
 
 def test_view_model_draws_first_card_on_construction() -> None:
@@ -51,3 +66,83 @@ def test_view_model_shows_finished_message_when_no_card_is_left() -> None:
     assert view_model.is_finished
     assert view_model.language_name == ""
     assert view_model.text == FINISHED_MESSAGE
+
+
+def test_view_model_starts_on_front_side() -> None:
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", A))
+    assert view_model.side is Side.FRONT
+
+
+def test_flip_card_shows_back_language_and_translation() -> None:
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", A))
+    view_model.flip_card()
+    assert view_model.side is Side.BACK
+    assert view_model.language_name == "Danish"
+    assert view_model.text == "mig"
+
+
+def test_flip_card_twice_keeps_back_side() -> None:
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", A))
+    view_model.flip_card()
+    view_model.flip_card()
+    assert view_model.side is Side.BACK
+    assert view_model.text == "mig"
+
+
+def test_flip_card_does_nothing_when_finished() -> None:
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms"))
+    view_model.flip_card()
+    assert view_model.side is Side.FRONT
+    assert view_model.language_name == ""
+    assert view_model.text == FINISHED_MESSAGE
+
+
+def test_next_card_resets_side_to_front() -> None:
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", A, B))
+    view_model.flip_card()
+    view_model.next_card()
+    assert view_model.side is Side.FRONT
+    assert view_model.language_name == "Malay"
+    assert view_model.text == "kau"
+
+
+def test_is_known_saves_remaining_and_shows_next_front() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", A, B, progress=progress))
+    view_model.flip_card()
+    view_model.is_known()
+    assert progress.saved == [(B,)]
+    assert view_model.side is Side.FRONT
+    assert view_model.text == "kau"
+    assert not view_model.is_finished
+
+
+def test_is_known_on_last_card_finishes() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", A, progress=progress))
+    view_model.is_known()
+    assert view_model.is_finished
+    assert view_model.text == FINISHED_MESSAGE
+    assert progress.saved == [()]
+
+
+def test_is_known_does_nothing_when_finished() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", progress=progress))
+    view_model.is_known()
+    assert view_model.is_finished
+    assert progress.saved == []
+
+
+def test_next_card_does_nothing_when_finished() -> None:
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms"))
+    view_model.next_card()
+    assert view_model.is_finished
+    assert view_model.text == FINISHED_MESSAGE
+
+
+def test_next_card_never_saves() -> None:
+    progress = _RecordingProgress()
+    view_model = FlashCardViewModel(_session("ms", A, B, progress=progress))
+    view_model.next_card()
+    assert progress.saved == []