Add project foundation: configuration, package skeleton, Doxyfile, CI and ADRs

Task: MIL-001#1
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src/nato_alphabet/constants.py

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+"""@brief Constants of the NATO alphabet tool.
+
+Every literal that the program, its messages or its data loading depend on is
+defined here once.
+"""
+
+## @brief Name of the package that holds the data file.
+DATA_PACKAGE: str = "nato_alphabet"
+
+## @brief Folder inside the package that holds the data file.
+DATA_DIRECTORY: str = "data"
+
+## @brief Name of the comma-separated values file with the NATO alphabet.
+DATA_FILE_NAME: str = "nato_phonetic_alphabet.csv"
+
+## @brief Header of the column with the letter in the data file.
+LETTER_COLUMN: str = "letter"
+
+## @brief Header of the column with the code word in the data file.
+CODE_COLUMN: str = "code"
+
+## @brief Text shown when the program asks for a word.
+PROMPT_TEXT: str = "Enter a word: "
+
+## @brief Text shown when the word holds a character that is not a letter.
+INVALID_INPUT_TEXT: str = "Sorry, only the letters A to Z are allowed. Try again."
+
+## @brief Text shown before the code words are printed.
+RESULT_TEXT: str = "Phonetic code words:"