src/snake_game/main.py

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 The flow follows the lectures "Screen Setup and Creating a Snake Body",
 "Animating the Snake Segments on Screen" and "Controlling the Snake with
-Keypresses", and the day-21 steps in which the snake eats food, the score rises and
-the game ends.
+Keypresses", the day-21 steps in which the snake eats food and the score rises,
+and the day-24 steps in which a collision resets the game and it goes on.
 """
 
 import time
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class FoodLike(Protocol):
 
 
 class ScoreboardLike(Protocol):
-    """! @brief What the eating and game-over checks need from the scoreboard.
+    """! @brief What the eating and reset checks need from the scoreboard.
 
     A `Scoreboard` fits this description, and so does a fake in a test.
     """
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ class ScoreboardLike(Protocol):
         """! @brief Add 1 to the score and write it."""
         ...
 
-    def game_over(self) -> None:
-        """! @brief Write the game-over text."""
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """! @brief Keep the best score and start the score again at 0."""
         ...
 
 
@@ -190,17 +190,19 @@ def eat_food_if_close(snake: Snake, food: FoodLike, scoreboard: ScoreboardLike)
         scoreboard.increase_score()
 
 
-def end_game_if_over(snake: Snake, scoreboard: ScoreboardLike) -> bool:
-    """! @brief End the game when the head passes the wall or touches the tail.
+def reset_if_collision(snake: Snake, scoreboard: ScoreboardLike) -> bool:
+    """! @brief Start again when the head passes the wall or touches the tail.
 
-    When the game is over the scoreboard writes the game-over text.
+    The game does not end: the scoreboard keeps the best score and starts the
+    score again, and the snake is made again at the starting positions.
 
     @param snake The snake.
-    @param scoreboard The scoreboard that writes the game-over text.
-    @return True when the game is over.
+    @param scoreboard The scoreboard that keeps the high score.
+    @return True when the snake and the score were reset.
     """
     if snake.hits_wall() or snake.hits_tail():
-        scoreboard.game_over()
+        scoreboard.reset()
+        snake.reset()
         return True
     return False
 
@@ -212,9 +214,8 @@ def main() -> None:
     `tkinter.TclError` ("invalid command name"), and `turtle` raises
     `turtle.Terminator` in some other calls once its window is gone. Both mean
     "the player closed the window", so the game ends quietly with exit code 0.
-    When the snake passes the wall or touches its tail the loop ends, the screen is
-    updated so that the game-over text shows, and `screen.exitonclick()` waits for a
-    click.
+    When the snake passes the wall or touches its tail the score and the snake are
+    reset and the game goes on, so the loop runs until the window is closed.
 
     `turtle` and `tkinter` are imported here and not at the top of the module, and
     so are `food` and `scoreboard`, whose classes inherit from `Turtle`: importing
@@ -240,9 +241,6 @@ def main() -> None:
         while game_is_on:
             play_frame(screen, snake)
             eat_food_if_close(snake, food, scoreboard)
-            if end_game_if_over(snake, scoreboard):
-                game_is_on = False
-        screen.update()
-        screen.exitonclick()
+            reset_if_collision(snake, scoreboard)
     except (Terminator, TclError):
         return  # the window was closed: there is nothing left to do

tests/fakes.py

@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@ class FakeScoreboard:
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.increases = 0
-        self.game_overs = 0
+        self.resets = 0
 
     def increase_score(self) -> None:
         self.increases += 1
 
-    def game_over(self) -> None:
-        self.game_overs += 1
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        self.resets += 1
 
 
 class FakeScreen:

tests/test_main.py

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ from snake_game.main import (
     bind_keys,
     configure_screen,
     eat_food_if_close,
-    end_game_if_over,
     main,
     play_frame,
     register_head_shape,
+    reset_if_collision,
 )
 from snake_game.snake import Snake
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def test_main_lets_the_snake_eat_the_food_that_lies_on_its_way(
         ("goto", (20, 0)),
         ("goto", (constants.WALL_LIMIT, constants.WALL_LIMIT)),
     ]
-    assert scoreboard.calls[-1][1][0] == "Score: 1"
+    assert scoreboard.calls[-1][1][0] == "Score: 1 High Score: 0"
     assert new_segment.position() == (-20, 0)  # where the last segment was
 
 
@@ -288,86 +288,93 @@ def test_main_does_not_raise_the_score_when_the_food_is_far_away(
     main()
 
     scoreboard = turtles[4]
-    assert scoreboard.calls[-1][1][0] == "Score: 0"
+    assert scoreboard.calls[-1][1][0] == "Score: 0 High Score: 0"
     assert len(turtles) == len(constants.STARTING_POSITIONS) + 2
 
 
-def test_the_game_is_not_over_while_the_snake_is_inside_and_clear_of_its_tail() -> None:
-    snake, _ = make_snake()
+def test_nothing_is_reset_while_the_snake_is_inside_and_clear_of_its_tail() -> None:
+    snake, created = make_snake()
     scoreboard = FakeScoreboard()
 
-    assert not end_game_if_over(snake, scoreboard)
-    assert scoreboard.game_overs == 0
+    assert not reset_if_collision(snake, scoreboard)
+    assert scoreboard.resets == 0
+    assert len(created) == len(constants.STARTING_POSITIONS)
 
 
-def test_the_game_is_over_when_the_head_passes_the_wall() -> None:
-    snake, _ = make_snake()
+def test_the_game_is_reset_when_the_head_passes_the_wall() -> None:
+    snake, created = make_snake()
     snake.head.goto(constants.WALL_LIMIT + 1, 0)
     scoreboard = FakeScoreboard()
 
-    assert end_game_if_over(snake, scoreboard)
-    assert scoreboard.game_overs == 1
+    assert reset_if_collision(snake, scoreboard)
+    assert scoreboard.resets == 1
+    assert len(created) == 2 * len(constants.STARTING_POSITIONS)
 
 
-def test_the_game_is_over_when_the_head_touches_the_tail() -> None:
+def test_the_game_is_reset_when_the_head_touches_the_tail() -> None:
     snake, created = make_snake()
     created[1].goto(3, 4)
     scoreboard = FakeScoreboard()
 
-    assert end_game_if_over(snake, scoreboard)
-    assert scoreboard.game_overs == 1
+    assert reset_if_collision(snake, scoreboard)
+    assert scoreboard.resets == 1
+    assert snake.head is not created[0]
 
 
-def test_main_ends_the_game_at_the_wall_shows_game_over_and_waits_for_a_click(
+def test_main_goes_on_after_the_wall_with_a_new_snake_and_no_game_over(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sleeps: list[float]
 ) -> None:
-    turtles, screens = install_fake_turtle(monkeypatch, frames_before_close=100)
+    moves_to_pass_the_wall = constants.WALL_LIMIT // constants.MOVE_DISTANCE + 1
+    turtles, screens = install_fake_turtle(
+        monkeypatch, frames_before_close=moves_to_pass_the_wall + 2
+    )
 
     main()
 
-    snake_head, scoreboard = turtles[0], turtles[4]
-    moves_to_pass_the_wall = constants.WALL_LIMIT // constants.MOVE_DISTANCE + 1
-    assert snake_head.call_names().count("forward") == moves_to_pass_the_wall
-    assert snake_head.position() == (
-        constants.MOVE_DISTANCE * moves_to_pass_the_wall,
-        0,
-    )
+    old_head, scoreboard = turtles[0], turtles[4]
+    new_head = turtles[5]
+    written = [call[1][0] for call in scoreboard.calls if call[0] == "write"]
+    assert old_head.position() == constants.SEGMENT_PARKING_POSITION
+    assert new_head.call_names().count("forward") == 2
+    assert new_head.position() == (2 * constants.MOVE_DISTANCE, 0)
     assert scoreboard.calls[-1] == (
         "write",
-        ("GAME OVER", "center", ("Arial", 24, "normal")),
+        ("Score: 0 High Score: 0", "center", ("Arial", 24, "normal")),
     )
-    assert screens[0].call_names()[-2:] == ["update", "exitonclick"]
-    assert screens[0].call_names().count("exitonclick") == 1
-    assert sleeps == [constants.REFRESH_DELAY_SECONDS] * moves_to_pass_the_wall
+    assert "GAME OVER" not in written
+    assert "exitonclick" not in screens[0].call_names()
 
 
-def test_main_ends_the_game_when_the_snake_touches_its_tail(
+def test_main_shows_the_best_score_after_a_reset(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sleeps: list[float]
+) -> None:
+    script_randint(monkeypatch, [20, 0])  # the first food lies one move ahead
+    moves_to_pass_the_wall = constants.WALL_LIMIT // constants.MOVE_DISTANCE + 1
+    turtles, _ = install_fake_turtle(
+        monkeypatch, frames_before_close=moves_to_pass_the_wall
+    )
+
+    main()
+
+    scoreboard = turtles[4]
+    assert scoreboard.calls[-1][1][0] == "Score: 0 High Score: 1"
+
+
+def test_main_resets_when_the_snake_touches_its_tail(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sleeps: list[float]
 ) -> None:
     monkeypatch.setattr("snake_game.snake.Snake.hits_tail", lambda self: True)
-    turtles, screens = install_fake_turtle(monkeypatch, frames_before_close=100)
+    turtles, screens = install_fake_turtle(monkeypatch, frames_before_close=2)
 
     main()
 
     assert turtles[0].call_names().count("forward") == 1
-    assert turtles[4].calls[-1][1][0] == "GAME OVER"
-    assert screens[0].call_names()[-1] == "exitonclick"
-
-
-def test_main_does_not_move_the_snake_after_game_over(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sleeps: list[float]
-) -> None:
-    turtles, screens = install_fake_turtle(monkeypatch, frames_before_close=100)
-
-    main()
-
-    updates = screens[0].call_names().count("update")
-    moves = turtles[0].call_names().count("forward")
-    assert updates == moves + 1  # one update per frame, and one for the last text
+    assert turtles[0].position() == constants.SEGMENT_PARKING_POSITION
+    assert "exitonclick" not in screens[0].call_names()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("closing_error", [FakeTerminatorError, FakeTclError])
-def test_main_ends_quietly_when_the_window_is_closed_after_game_over(
+def test_main_ends_quietly_when_the_window_is_closed_after_a_reset(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
     sleeps: list[float],
     closing_error: type[Exception],
@@ -381,7 +388,7 @@ def test_main_ends_quietly_when_the_window_is_closed_after_game_over(
 
     main()
 
-    assert turtles[4].calls[-1][1][0] == "GAME OVER"
+    assert turtles[4].calls[-1][1][0] == "Score: 0 High Score: 0"
     assert "exitonclick" not in screens[0].call_names()