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# Snake Game (Day 24) # Snake Game (Day 24)
The classic Snake game, built with Python's `turtle` module. It is the day-24 The classic Snake game, built with Python's `turtle` module. It is the day-24
assignment of Udemy's *100 Days of Code: The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp*. Day 24 assignment of Udemy's *100 Days of Code: The Complete Python Pro Bootcamp*. Day 24
teaches the local file system and reading and writing files with `open` and the teaches the local file system and reading and writing files with `open` and the
`with` keyword, and applies them to the snake game: the scoreboard shows a high `with` keyword, and applies them to the snake game: the scoreboard shows a high
score next to the score, the game goes on after a collision instead of ending, and score next to the score, the game goes on after a collision instead of ending, and
the high score is kept in the file `data.txt`, so it is still there the next time the high score is kept in the file `data.txt`, so it is still there the next time
the game is started. the game is started.
The game has no runtime dependencies. The code keeps the names of the lectures The game has no runtime dependencies. The code keeps the names of the lectures
(`Snake`, `create_snake`, `move`, `reset`, `up`, `down`, `left`, `right`, (`Snake`, `create_snake`, `move`, `reset`, `up`, `down`, `left`, `right`,
`segments`, `head`, `game_is_on`, `Food`, `Scoreboard`, `refresh`, `extend`, `segments`, `head`, `game_is_on`, `Food`, `Scoreboard`, `refresh`, `extend`,
`increase_score`, `update_scoreboard`, `high_score`) so that you can compare it `increase_score`, `update_scoreboard`, `high_score`) so that you can compare it
with your own solution. with your own solution.
This repository continues This repository continues
[021-snake-game](https://git.tirsystem.com/Tirsvad-Udemy-100-days-of-code/021-snake-game) [021-snake-game](https://git.tirsystem.com/Tirsvad-Udemy-100-days-of-code/021-snake-game)
and starts from its finished game; `docs/project-plan.md` tells how the work is and starts from its finished game; `docs/project-plan.md` tells how the work is
split into milestones. split into milestones.
> **Status:** in progress. The repository foundation (this README, the > **Status:** in progress. The finished game of day 21 is adopted and runs: the
> configuration, the constants, the Doxygen settings and the continuous > snake moves, eats and grows, the score is shown and the game ends at the wall
> integration workflow) is in place; the game itself, continuous play, the high > or at the tail. Continuous play and the high score (milestone 3), the high
> score and the high score file follow in milestones 2 to 4, and the wiki in > score file (milestone 4) and the wiki (milestone 5) follow. The sections below
> milestone 5. The sections below describe the finished game. > describe the game as it is now; they are updated in each milestone.
## Requirements ## Requirements
- Python 3.13 or newer, with `tkinter` (the `turtle` module needs it). - Python 3.13 or newer, with `tkinter` (the `turtle` module needs it).
- `git`, to clone the repository. - `git`, to clone the repository.
- Optional: [Doxygen](https://www.doxygen.nl/) to build the source documentation. - Optional: [Doxygen](https://www.doxygen.nl/) to build the source documentation.
- No runtime dependencies. The development tools (`pytest`, `ruff`, `mypy`) are - No runtime dependencies. The development tools (`pytest`, `ruff`, `mypy`) are
installed into the virtual environment by the `dev` extra. installed into the virtual environment by the `dev` extra.
## Set up ## Set up
Clone the repository, then create a local virtual environment `.venv` in its Clone the repository, then create a local virtual environment `.venv` in its
root, upgrade `pip` and install the project with its development tools. The root, upgrade `pip` and install the project with its development tools. The
`.venv` folder is ignored by git. `.venv` folder is ignored by git.
```bash ```bash
git clone https://git.tirsystem.com/Tirsvad-Udemy-100-days-of-code/024-snake.git git clone https://git.tirsystem.com/Tirsvad-Udemy-100-days-of-code/024-snake.git
cd 024-snake cd 024-snake
``` ```
### Windows powershell ### Windows powershell
```powershell ```powershell
python -m venv .venv python -m venv .venv
.\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1 .\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
python -m pip install --upgrade pip python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
``` ```
If PowerShell refuses to run the activation script, allow scripts for this If PowerShell refuses to run the activation script, allow scripts for this
window only with `Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned` window only with `Set-ExecutionPolicy -Scope Process -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned`
and activate again. Python from python.org includes `tkinter`. and activate again. Python from python.org includes `tkinter`.
### Linux debian ### Linux debian
Debian 13 or newer ships Python 3.13. On older releases install Python 3.13 Debian 13 or newer ships Python 3.13. On older releases install Python 3.13
separately. separately.
```bash ```bash
sudo apt install python3 python3-venv python3-tk sudo apt install python3 python3-venv python3-tk
python3 -m venv .venv python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate source .venv/bin/activate
python -m pip install --upgrade pip python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
``` ```
### MacOS ### MacOS
```bash ```bash
brew install python@3.13 python-tk@3.13 brew install python@3.13 python-tk@3.13
python3.13 -m venv .venv python3.13 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate source .venv/bin/activate
python -m pip install --upgrade pip python -m pip install --upgrade pip
python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
``` ```
## Run ## Run
With the virtual environment active: With the virtual environment active:
```bash ```bash
python -m snake_game python -m snake_game
``` ```
The game itself is added in milestone 2 (see the status above); this section It opens a black 600 by 600 window titled "My Snake Game". The snake of three
is completed with the controls, the two scores and the high score file in squares starts in the middle and moves to the right by itself, 20 pixels every
milestones 2 to 5. 0.1 seconds. Its body is light green and its head is dark green with a mouth.
## Run the tests | Key | Effect |
| --- | --- |
The tests need no display: they use fakes instead of real turtles. | Up, Down, Left, Right | Turn the snake |
```bash The snake never turns straight back onto itself: the arrow key opposite to the
pytest way it is going is ignored.
```
A small blue circle, the food, appears at a random place. When the head comes
The same checks that continuous integration runs: closer to it than 15 pixels the snake eats it: the food moves to a new random
place, the snake grows by one segment, and the score at the top of the window
```bash goes up by 1.
python -m pytest
python -m ruff check src tests The game is over when the head passes the wall (more than 280 pixels from the
python -m ruff format --check src tests centre on any side) or touches the tail. The snake stops, `GAME OVER` appears in
python -m mypy the middle of the window, and a click on the window closes it. You can also close
``` the window with its close button at any time. (Milestone 3 replaces this with
continuous play and a high score.)
## Continuous integration
## Run the tests
`.gitea/workflows/ci.yml` runs on Gitea Actions on every push and on every pull
request. It sets up Python 3.13, upgrades `pip`, installs `.[dev]`, then runs The tests need no display: they use fakes instead of real turtles.
`pytest`, `ruff` (lint and format check) and `mypy`. It does not build the source
documentation: run `doxygen Doxyfile` yourself, as the next section shows. No ```bash
step opens a turtle window. pytest
```
The workflow lives in `.gitea/workflows` and not in `.github/workflows`, so
GitHub does not run it and pushing to a GitHub mirror needs no workflow The same checks that continuous integration runs:
permission.
```bash
## Build the source documentation python -m pytest
python -m ruff check src tests
The source is documented with Doxygen comments and the `Doxyfile` in the root. python -m ruff format --check src tests
Install Doxygen (`winget install DimitriVanHeesch.Doxygen` on Windows, python -m mypy
`sudo apt install doxygen` on Debian, `brew install doxygen` on macOS), then: ```
```bash ## Continuous integration
doxygen Doxyfile
``` `.gitea/workflows/ci.yml` runs on Gitea Actions on every push and on every pull
request. It sets up Python 3.13, upgrades `pip`, installs `.[dev]`, then runs
The HTML is written to `build/doxygen/index.html`. A warning fails the build. `pytest`, `ruff` (lint and format check) and `mypy`. It does not build the source
documentation: run `doxygen Doxyfile` yourself, as the next section shows. No
## Project layout step opens a turtle window.
```text The workflow lives in `.gitea/workflows` and not in `.github/workflows`, so
. GitHub does not run it and pushing to a GitHub mirror needs no workflow
├── .gitea/workflows/ci.yml continuous integration (Gitea Actions) permission.
├── docs/ business case, plan, milestones, reviews
├── src/snake_game/ the game ## Build the source documentation
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── constants.py every constant of the game The source is documented with Doxygen comments and the `Doxyfile` in the root.
├── tests/ pytest tests Install Doxygen (`winget install DimitriVanHeesch.Doxygen` on Windows,
├── Doxyfile source documentation settings `sudo apt install doxygen` on Debian, `brew install doxygen` on macOS), then:
├── LICENSE
├── pyproject.toml project configuration ```bash
└── README.md doxygen Doxyfile
``` ```
The remaining modules (`snake.py`, `food.py`, `scoreboard.py`, `main.py` and The HTML is written to `build/doxygen/index.html`. A warning fails the build.
`__main__.py`) are added in milestone 2.
## Project layout
## License
```text
GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only. See [LICENSE](LICENSE). .
├── .gitea/workflows/ci.yml continuous integration (Gitea Actions)
├── docs/ business case, plan, milestones, reviews
├── src/snake_game/ the game
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── __main__.py starts the game: python -m snake_game
│ ├── constants.py every constant of the game
│ ├── food.py the Food class (inherits from Turtle)
│ ├── main.py screen set-up and the main flow
│ ├── scoreboard.py the Scoreboard class (inherits from Turtle)
│ └── snake.py the Snake class
├── tests/ pytest tests (fakes.py holds the fake turtle and screen)
├── Doxyfile source documentation settings
├── LICENSE
├── pyproject.toml project configuration
└── README.md
```
## License
GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only. See [LICENSE](LICENSE).