Add the command line entry point

python -m turtle_challenges <challenge> and the turtle-challenges command open a
window, run the named challenge and wait for a click. square and dashed-line are
registered; a missing Tk is reported with a hint instead of a traceback.

Task: MIL-002#6

README.md

@@ -64,11 +64,37 @@ python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
 
 ## Run
 
-There is no challenge to run yet: the challenges arrive with milestones 002 to 004. To check the set-up, run the tests described in the next section.
+With the virtual environment active, run one challenge by name. A window opens, the turtle draws, and the window closes when you click it.
+
+```bash
+turtle-challenges square
+python -m turtle_challenges dashed-line
+```
+
+| Challenge | Command | Function |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 1. Draw a square | `turtle-challenges square` | `draw_square` |
+| 2. Draw a dashed line | `turtle-challenges dashed-line` | `draw_dashed_line` |
+
+Challenges 3 to 5 are added by milestones 003 and 004.
+
+`turtle-challenges --help` lists the challenges. If the command prints that the turtle module needs Tk, install Tk as described under Requirements.
+
+To use the functions in your own code, create a window and a turtle, then pass the turtle as the first argument. The assignment's functions use one global turtle; here the turtle is a parameter, which is what lets the tests run without a window:
+
+```python
+from turtle_challenges import draw_square
+from turtle_challenges.window import create_pen, create_window
+
+window = create_window()
+tim = create_pen()
+draw_square(tim)
+window.exitonclick()
+```
 
 ## Run the tests
 
-The tests never open a window. With the virtual environment active:
+The tests never open a window: they pass a recording fake in place of the turtle and check the moves it recorded. With the virtual environment active:
 
 ```bash
 python -m pytest
@@ -103,8 +129,13 @@ Open `build/html/index.html` in a browser. Any Doxygen warning fails the build,
 ├── .github/workflows/ci.yml   continuous integration
 ├── docs/                      project documents: business case, plan, milestones
 ├── src/turtle_challenges/     the package
-│   └── constants.py           every constant of the project
-├── tests/                     pytest tests
+│   ├── constants.py           every constant of the project
+│   ├── pen.py                 the Pen and Window protocols the challenges use
+│   ├── window.py              opens the turtle window and creates the turtle
+│   ├── square.py              challenge 1: draw_square
+│   ├── dashed_line.py         challenge 2: draw_dashed_line
+│   └── cli.py                 the turtle-challenges command
+├── tests/                     pytest tests and the recording fake pen
 ├── Doxyfile                   Doxygen configuration
 ├── pyproject.toml             project, tool and dependency configuration
 └── LICENSE

pyproject.toml

@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ dev = [
     "ruff>=0.8",
 ]
 
+[project.scripts]
+turtle-challenges = "turtle_challenges.cli:main"
+
 [tool.setuptools.packages.find]
 where = ["src"]
 

src/turtle_challenges/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""!
+@file __main__.py
+@brief Entry point of `python -m turtle_challenges`.
+"""
+
+from turtle_challenges.cli import main
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

src/turtle_challenges/cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""!
+@file cli.py
+@brief Command line: run one challenge in a turtle window.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from functools import partial
+
+from turtle_challenges.constants import (
+    CHALLENGE_DASHED_LINE,
+    CHALLENGE_NAMES,
+    CHALLENGE_SQUARE,
+)
+from turtle_challenges.dashed_line import draw_dashed_line
+from turtle_challenges.pen import Pen
+from turtle_challenges.square import draw_square
+from turtle_challenges.window import (
+    TurtleUnavailableError,
+    create_pen,
+    create_window,
+)
+
+
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    """!
+    @brief Build the argument parser of the command line.
+
+    @return A parser with the challenge name.
+    """
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="turtle-challenges",
+        description="Run one of the turtle challenges in a window. "
+        "Click the window to close it.",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "challenge",
+        choices=CHALLENGE_NAMES,
+        help="the challenge to run",
+    )
+    return parser
+
+
+def build_challenges(pen: Pen) -> dict[str, Callable[[], None]]:
+    """!
+    @brief Bind every challenge to a turtle.
+
+    @param pen The turtle that draws.
+    @return A mapping from the command line name to a function without
+        arguments that draws the challenge.
+    """
+    return {
+        CHALLENGE_SQUARE: partial(draw_square, pen),
+        CHALLENGE_DASHED_LINE: partial(draw_dashed_line, pen),
+    }
+
+
+def main(argv: Sequence[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    """!
+    @brief Run the challenge named on the command line.
+
+    @param argv Arguments without the program name; `sys.argv` if omitted.
+    @return The exit status: 0 on success.
+    """
+    parser = build_parser()
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    try:
+        window = create_window()
+        tim = create_pen()
+    except TurtleUnavailableError as error:
+        parser.exit(1, f"{parser.prog}: error: {error}\n")
+    build_challenges(tim)[args.challenge]()
+    window.exitonclick()
+    return 0

src/turtle_challenges/constants.py

@@ -31,3 +31,15 @@ DASH_LENGTH = 10
 
 ## Challenge 2: length of the gap after each dash, in turtle units.
 GAP_LENGTH = 10
+
+## Command line name of challenge 1.
+CHALLENGE_SQUARE = "square"
+
+## Command line name of challenge 2.
+CHALLENGE_DASHED_LINE = "dashed-line"
+
+## Names of the challenges on the command line, in the order of the course.
+CHALLENGE_NAMES: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    CHALLENGE_SQUARE,
+    CHALLENGE_DASHED_LINE,
+)

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import pytest
+
+from tests.fakes import FakePen, FakeWindow
+from turtle_challenges import cli
+from turtle_challenges.constants import (
+    CHALLENGE_NAMES,
+    DASH_COUNT,
+    SQUARE_SIDES,
+)
+from turtle_challenges.pen import Pen, Window
+from turtle_challenges.window import TurtleUnavailableError
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_pen_and_window(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> tuple[FakePen, FakeWindow]:
+    """Replace the turtle window and pen of the command line with fakes."""
+    pen = FakePen()
+    window = FakeWindow()
+
+    def create_fake_window() -> Window:
+        return window
+
+    def create_fake_pen() -> Pen:
+        return pen
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cli, "create_window", create_fake_window)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cli, "create_pen", create_fake_pen)
+    return pen, window
+
+
+def test_every_challenge_name_has_a_challenge() -> None:
+    challenges = cli.build_challenges(FakePen())
+
+    assert set(challenges) == set(CHALLENGE_NAMES)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", CHALLENGE_NAMES)
+def test_parser_accepts_every_challenge_name(name: str) -> None:
+    args = cli.build_parser().parse_args([name])
+
+    assert args.challenge == name
+
+
+def test_parser_rejects_an_unknown_challenge(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exit_info:
+        cli.build_parser().parse_args(["triangle"])
+
+    assert exit_info.value.code == 2
+    assert "invalid choice" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
+def test_help_lists_every_challenge(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exit_info:
+        cli.build_parser().parse_args(["--help"])
+
+    assert exit_info.value.code == 0
+    output = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert all(name in output for name in CHALLENGE_NAMES)
+
+
+def test_main_runs_the_square_and_waits_for_a_click(
+    fake_pen_and_window: tuple[FakePen, FakeWindow],
+) -> None:
+    pen, window = fake_pen_and_window
+
+    status = cli.main(["square"])
+
+    assert status == 0
+    assert len(pen.args_of("forward")) == SQUARE_SIDES
+    assert window.waited_for_click
+
+
+def test_main_runs_the_dashed_line(
+    fake_pen_and_window: tuple[FakePen, FakeWindow],
+) -> None:
+    pen, _ = fake_pen_and_window
+
+    cli.main(["dashed-line"])
+
+    assert len(pen.args_of("forward")) == 2 * DASH_COUNT
+
+
+def test_main_reports_a_missing_turtle_and_exits_with_status_1(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    def fail() -> Window:
+        raise TurtleUnavailableError("no Tk here")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(cli, "create_window", fail)
+
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exit_info:
+        cli.main(["square"])
+
+    assert exit_info.value.code == 1
+    assert "no Tk here" in capsys.readouterr().err

tests/test_constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from turtle_challenges import constants
+
+
+def test_challenge_names_are_unique() -> None:
+    assert len(set(constants.CHALLENGE_NAMES)) == len(constants.CHALLENGE_NAMES)